Setting devices for use in the driving of nails or other pins



July 21, 1959 M. HILTI 2,895,135 SETTING ICES FOR USE 1N THE DRIVING NAOR OTHER S File an. .31. 1

United States Patent O SETTING DEVICES FOR USE IN Tl-IE DRIVING OF NAILSR OTHER PINS Martin Hilti, Vaduz, Liechtenstein, assigner to Anstalt frMontage-Technik, Vaduz, Liechtenstein Application January 31, 1956,Serial No. 562,466

Claims priority, application Austria January 31, 19554 5 Claims. (Cl.1-47) This invention relates to a hand-operated stud-driving devicecomprising a tubular sleeve and a ram slidably guided in it forimpacting the studs into various materials, hereinafter referred to forconvenience as receiving material(s). Thedevice is herein referred tofor convenience as a setting device, and is adapted to drive nails orother pins even into hard receiving materials, such as cement orconcrete, masonry, constructional ironwork, or iron sections, byassuring that the forces exerted on the ram by the blows of the hammerare transmitted with considerable accuracy in the direction of entryaxially to the pin which is to be driven into the receiving material. Acondition for this is that the setting device has a foot which, whenapplied to the receiving material, prevents tipping of the device, thatit has two guides for the anchoring pin which at the beginning of thedriving operation are spaced from one another as far as practicable andthat the rear end of the anchoring pin is guided during the drivingoperation by centering surfaces of the setting device.

The supporting foot of such a device usually consists of a plate-likelateral extension or enlargement at the lower end of the tubular guidesleeve. its purpose is to maintain the setting device steady during thedriving of the pin without becoming displaced and without tipping on thesurface of the receiving material. For this purpose the tubular sleeveis grasped by the hand and held against the surface of thereceivingmaterial, while the other hand wields the hammer with which theram is struck.

An object of the invention is to hold the setting device securely on thesurface of thereceiving material even if the strength of the hand doesnot sutiice for this; or if, for reasons of space, it is not possible toemploy a setting device which has a suiciently wide foot.

According to the invention, in order to hold the setting device on thesurface of the receiving material during the operation of driving thepin, there is provided at the end of the tubular sleeve a holding devicefor a perforated member, hereinafter referred to as a disc, consistingof deformable material, such as iron, the perforation of which issomewhat smaller than the shaft diameter of the pin to be driven. Theholding device for the perforated disc is preferably formed by a recessor opening, the diameter of ywhich only slightly exceeds the outerdiameter of the perforated disc, so that the disc can first be insertedloosely in the recess, but on penetration of the pin into its hole,becomes deformed by spreading outwards with its edge firmly against thewall of the recess.

The operation of the device therefore includes the feature that on thedriving-in of the anchoring pin, the

` perforated disc is so deformed, that the latter, as a result of itsresistance to the change in shape, is on the one hand firmly connectedto the pin which is sliding through it, and on the other hand itswidening edge presses against the setting device, so that the latter isirmly connected to the receiving material by way of the disc and thepin. In this way the setting device is, as it were, nailed to thereceiving material during the wholeI operation of driving the pin. Inthis Iway there Aresults a secure positioning of the setting device fromthe instant at which the point of the pin which is to be driven passesthrough and widens the perforated disc under the action of the firsthammer blow on the ram. On this rst blow there arise no substantialtransversely directed forces, because the lirst blow as a rule servesfor the purpose of accurately fixing or locating at the desired pointthe pin which is to be driven.

The recess, which forms the holding device for the perforated disc, maybe formed directly by the lower margin or brim of the cylindrical innerwall of the tubular guide sleeve or by an annular groove provided atthat point. According to a further feature of the invention,radially-movably jaws are provided at the lower part of this tubularsleeve, which support the perforated disc underneath during itsdeformation. These jaws may each have an annular or arcuate recessconfomring to the edge of the perforated disc, these recesses formingcontinuations of the annular recess receiving the perforated disc or ofthe inner wall 'of the tubular sleeve and having projections which passunder the edge of the disc.

At the end of the operation of driving the pin, the end .face of the ramcomes against the perforated disc, so

that the latter is driven, if necessary, with slight deformation of itsedge, out of the holding device or out of the jaws. If it is desired tofacilitate the end of the knocking-in operation, the jaws may also beremoved from the range of the disc, so that no deformation of the discat its edge is necessary.

It is known in itself, to secure perforated discs or plates by means ofpins ascollars or washers. However, the perforated disc is guided onlyloosely in the setting device. in order to be able to knock theperforated disc easily out of its holder and to drive it into thereceiving material, the lower end of the punch has, according to afurther feature of the invention, a diameter which is reduced comparedwith the guiding portion of the punch. In this way the forcing of theperforated disc through the opening in the holder device is facilitated.

One form of a setting device made in accordance with the invention isillustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation through the lower end part of thesetting device with a perforated disc inserted i therein, and shows thepositions of the pin and of the ram before the first blow on the ram isstruck.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation similar to Fig. l but showing thepositions of the parts after the pin has been completely driven vintothe receiving material.

Fig. 3 is a section taken along lines III-III of Fig. l.

The setting device comprises a' cylindrical tubular guide sleeve 1,which is shown broken olf, and a ram 2 which is slidable and 4guidedtherein, the upper end of the ram (which is not shown) projecting fromthe upper end of the sleeve 1 so that the end face of the projecting endof the ram can be struck by a hammer. A divided supporting plate or foot3 is secured to the lower end of the tubular guide sleeve 1. Inaddition, two jaws 4 and 5 are mounted d-iametrically opposite oneanother at the lower part of the sleeve l. They have pins 8 enteringradial holes 7- -in the sleeve 1 so that they can move radially towardsand away from one another. A ring 6 is disposed around the lowerstraight limbs of the jaws 4 and 5, the ring Abeing movable in thevertical direction. The lower bent-round ends 11 and 12 of -the jaws aremoved away from one another when the ring 6 is slid up on to the upperoutwardly-bent end portions 9 and 10. In the position shown in Figs. land 2, the bent-round lower ends 11 and 12 are secured against radialmovement outwards by the ring 6.

is made of a corresponding conical form. The portion` 16 of the shaft ofthe pin 15 which adjoins the c ylindrical shaft portion is slightlyconical and ends 1n a point 17. The conicity of the portion 16 is shownexaggerated in the drawing. In practice the angle at the point of theconical surface of the portion 16 amounts only to about 1.5 to 3.

The bent-over ends 11 and 12 of the jaws have an arcuate groove orrecess 18, in which the perforated disc 19 can be inserted. Theserecesses form continuations of the inner wall of vthe sleeve 1, as shownin Fig. 2. The projections 23 and 24 of the jaws (i.e. the parts of thejaws below the recesses 18) then pass under the edge of the disc 19 (seeFig. l). The diameter of the hole 20 in the disc 19 is made such that,before the pin 15 is driven, it is about equal to or smaller than thesmallest diameter of the conical portion 16 of the shaft of the pin. Thelower end 21 ofthe ram has a diameter which is less than that of theguiding portion 2 of the ram, so that the end 21 is able to pass throughtheopening 22 in the lower end of the sleeve 1 or between the ends ofthe projections 23, 24.

The device illustrated in the drawings operates as follows:

By sliding up the movable ring 6, the jaws 4, 5 are opened so that theprojections 23, 24 come out of the hollow cylinder 25 of the sleeve l.The anchoring pin l5 is inserted with its head 14 in the recess 13 inthe lower end face of the ram 2. The inserted perforated disc 19 forms asecond guide for the pin, the point 17 of the pin entering the hole 20of the disc 19. The movable ring 6 is now moved down, so that theinturned ends 11, 12 of -the jaws 4, 5 approach one another, the disc 19being received in the arcuate recesses 18 in such a way that theprojections 23, 24 become effective as abutment for -the disc in thedirection -in which the pin 15 is driven, while the point 17 of the pin15 rests against the surface of the material which is to receive thepin.

The first hammer blow on the upper end of the ram 2 leads on the onehand to the fixing or locating of the point 17 of the pin in thematerial which is to receive the pin, while on the other hand the disc19 is so deformed that it bears under pressure against the cylinder 25and against the parts 11, 12 of the jaws 4, 5 which bound the arcuaterecesses 18. From the first blow the pin is given a tight guide at theforward end =by the disc 19. The nailing of the dev-ice to the receptionmaterial has the effect of practically relieving the hand holding thedevice, but nevertheless a secure positioning of the device is ensured.

Before the final blows are struck, the lower projection or reduced end21 of the ram comes into contact with the disc 19. There are` then twopossibilities. Either the movable ring 6 is moved up and opens in thisway the jaw-projections 11, 12 so .that the abutments 23, 24 are movedaway from the disc 19. A fnal blow .then suffices in order to bring thewasher 19 on to the surface 26. Or one refrains from a displacement ofthe ring 6 and, as a result of a powerful blow, causes the disc 19 to bedeformed at the edge in such a manner that it enters the space 22 (Fig.l). By further powerful blows the washer or disc 19 can then be causedto take up the position shown in Fig. 2, in which it is sunk in thereceiving material.

The form of construction illustrated may be varied without departingfrom .the scope of the invention. It is not necessary to make the disccircular. But there are cases, in which other spreading members, e.g.bushes, can be advantageous. Slit or slotted rings or bushes may also.be used. Instead of iron, other deformable materials may be employedfor the disc, e.g. resilient masses possibly in the form of annularrubber rolls, rings, or the like.

I claim:

l. In a hand-held tool adapted to drive a stud of the type including anelongated shaft having a pointed tip at one end and a driving head atthe other end, with said shaft carrying a tightly-fitted deformablelguide disc near the tip end thereof, the combination of means includinga tubular member forming a guide chamber, a ram slidable within andguided in a straight line by said tubular member, said ram having animpact-receiving end and a stud striking end, an opening in the bottomof said guide chamber communicating Iwith the striking end of said ram,stop member means adapted to protrude inwardly into the interior of saidguide chamber adjacent said bottom opening for engaging said disc andpreventing longitudinal movement of vsaid disc during the initial stagesof a dri-ving operation, and manuallyoperated means for adjusting thelateral positioning of said stop member means into first and second endpositions, said stop member means in said first position being clear ofthe interior of said guide chamber so as to permit said disc to passfreely thereby, said stop member means in said second positionprotruding slightly into said guide chamber opening and defining anaperture therein larger than the stud-striking end of said ram, wherebysaid ram is enabled to drive the stud completely into said material withsaid stop member means in said second position, the interior surface ofsaid lguide chamber above said stop member means serving to engage theperipheral edges of said guide disc to maintain said disc and the shaftof said stud laterally fixed in position relative to said tubular memberduring a driving operation.

2. In a hand-held tool adapted to drive a stud of the type including anelongated shaft having a pointed tip at one end and a driving head atthe other end, with said shaft carrying a tightly-fitted deformableguide disc near the tip end thereof, the combination of a tubular memberforming a guide chamber, a ram slidable within and guided in a straightline by said tubular member, said ram having an impact-receiving end anda stud-striking end, an opening in the bottom of said guide chambercommunicating with the stud-striking end of said ram, and stop membermeans protruding inwardly a small dis- -tance into the interior of said-guide chamber adjacent said bottom opening for engaging said disc andpreventing longitudinal movement of said disc during the initial stagesof a driving operation, said stop member means being formed with anannularly-shaped recess adapted to receive said disc, the side walls ofsaid recess being aligned with the interior surface of said tubularmember, said stop member means being arranged to define an aperturelarger than the stud-striking end of said ram and larger than Ithedriving head of said stud, whereby said ram is enabled to drive the studcompletely into said material without requiring the removal of said stopmember means from the interior of said guide chamber opening. i

3. In a hand-held tool adapted to drive a stud of the type including anelongated shaft having a pointed tip at one end and a driving head atthe other end, with said shaft being slightly tapered in one portionthereof and carrying a tightly-fitted deformable guide disc near theendl of said tapered portion that is adjacent the tip of said stud, thecombination of wall means including a tubular member forming a lguidechamber, a ram slidable within and guided in a straight line by saidtubular member, said ram having an impact-receiving end and a studstriking end, an opening in the bottom of said guide chambercommunicating with the striking end of said ram, guide means adjacentthe stud-striking end of said ram for centering the driving head of saidstud within said 4guide chamber, stop member means adapted to protrudeinwardly into the interior of said guide chamber adjacent said bottomopening for engaging said disc and preventing longitudinal movement ofsaid disc during the initial stages of a driving operation, said stopmember means protruding only a small distance into said guide chamberopening and defining an aperture therein larger than the stud-strikingend `of said ram and larger than the driving head of said stud so thatsaid ram is enabled to drive the stud completely into said materialwithout removal of said stop member means, said guide chamber wall meansimmediately above said stop member means being slightly larger in`lateral dimension than said disc so that said disc initially is looselyfitted therein, whereby during a driving operation the penetration ofthe tapered portion of said stud shaft into said disc serves to expandsaid disc radially into pressure engagement with said wall means andthereby assure that the shaft of said stud is laterally fixed inposition relative to said tubular member during a driving operation.

4. In a hand-held tool adapted to drive a stud of the type including anelongated shaft having a pointed tip at one end and a driving head atthe other end, with said shaft carrying a tightly-fitted deformableguide disc near the tip end thereof, the combination of means includinga tubular member forming a guide chamber, a ram slidable withinandguided in a straight line by said tubular member, said ram having animpact-receiving end and a stud-striking end, guide means adjacent thestud-striking end of said ram for centering the dri-ving head of saidstud within said guide chamber, an opening inthe bottom of said guidechamber communicating with the stud-striking end of said ram, andradially-movable annularlyrecessed jaws arranged at the bottom of saidtubular member and having first and second end positions in the firstone of which said jaws are withdrawn from the inner wall of said tubularmember and in the second one of which said jaws project inwardly of saidtubular member, the sides of the jaw recesses facing said ram formingcontinuations of the inner wall of said tubular member so that a disc ofcorresponding diameter may be positioned in said jaw recesses andsupported by the latter.

5. In a hand-held tool adapted to drive a stud of the type including andelongated shaft having a pointed tip at one end and a driving head atthe other end, with said shaft carrying a tightly-fitted deformableguide disc near the tip end thereof, the combination of means includinga tubular member forming a guide chamber, a ram slidable within andguided in a straight line by said tubular member, said ram having animpact-receiving end and a stud-striking end, guide means adjacent thestud-striking end of said ram for centering the driving head of saidstud within said guide chamber, an opening in the bottom of said guidechamber communicating with the studstriking end of said ram, a pluralityof jaws radially projectable a short distance into said opening andadapted to support said disc, each jaw including an integral legextending lengthwise of said tubular member on the outside thereof andbeing attached thereto so as to be swingable in a radial plane between afirst position in which said jaws are retracted from and a secondposition in which said jaws are projected into the interior of saidtubular member, and means engaging said legs of said jaws to adjust andhold the latter selectively in said first or second position, said jawsin said second position dening an aperture larger than the stud-strikingend of said ram, whereby said ram is enabled to drive the studcompletely into said material with said jaws in said second position.

References Cited in the file of this patent vUNITED STATES PATENTS1,185,190 Fitzgerald May 30, 1916 2,488,279 Fitzmaurice Nov. 15, 19492,518,395 Sopris Aug. 8, 1950 2,588,738 Lundgren Mar. 11, 1952 2,743,444Thomas May 1, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 81,174 Switzerland May 16, 1919

